Grierson...
(Creative treatment of actuality)

It is important for me to look into the level of creative treatment that has actually been contained in the movie. By comparing what I view in the film and what I have gathered in my research I will be able to see the extent to which the movie has been changed and been distanced from reality in order to help me see exactly how real the representation of the people who perform these crimes is...

World Cup 2002 - Football Hooligansim - Russia VS Japan

Authorities in Moscow are to stop televising World Cup games on giant outdoor screens after thousands of football fans went on the rampage in the city, leaving two dead and many others injured.
The violence happened in the centre of Moscow on Sunday after Russia went down 1-0 to Japan, severely denting the country's chances of progressing to the second round of the tournament.

Football violence is a growing problem in RussiaThousands of fans had been watching the game on an outdoor screen in Manezh Square.
After the final whistle blew, many threw bottles and attacked cars while chanting the popular football slogan Forward Russia, as the violence spilled into other parts of the city centre.
Politicians blamed the events on poor planning by the local authorities.
"Everywhere in the world where fans go on rampages, the police thoroughly prepare for it," said liberal deputy Sergei Mitrokhin.
"But here the organizers of this event were just irresponsible."
Rampage
A 20-year-old man was found stabbed to death in the square, and a policeman who was seriously injured by rioters died in hospital early on Monday.
Three of the injured are in a serious condition; in all, about 50 people were hospitalised, including 20 police officers.
A number of vehicles were set alight near the lower house of parliament, where windows were broken.

The defeat is a major embarrassment for Russia
Crowds rampaged down the street towards to the headquarters of the Russian security services, smashing shop windows and setting fire to cars.
There had been only a small police presence, and reinforcements did not arrive until almost an hour later, when most of the rioters had left the area.
Firefighters arrived first, and the rioters attacked their trucks.
Photographers and cameramen were also reported to have been beaten.
Five music students from Japan who were attending the 12th Tchaikovsky competition were attacked, and one was slightly injured.
Crackdown
The BBC's Jonathan Charles, in Moscow, says such violence is highly unusual for the city.

Several cars were set alight
Special forces police were brought into the centre of Moscow to bring the situation under control.
Interfax quoted Moscow police as saying 60 people has been arrested.
The authorities have vowed to track down those responsible for the trouble.
Our correspondent says Russia's football hooligans are a growing problem.
With their distinctive shaved heads, they model themselves on their British counterparts, even down to the wearing of Union Jack T-shirts.

World 2006 Hooliganism - Germany VS England

English and German World Cup fans violently fought in the streets of Cologne, Germany surrounding their teams' games. Over a dozen German police were hurt. Several fans, including 15 English fans, were detained. The English have a long history of soccer-related violence. The country actually banned almost 3,800 known troublemakers from leaving England for the games.

FOOTBALL HOOLIGANISM - Steve Frosdick and Peter Marsh

Football has been associated with violence ever since it's early beginnings in thirteenth century england.
Throughout the seventeenth century we find report of several hundred football players destroying drainage ditches and causing mayhem in the town. By the eighteenth century the game took a more overt political significance. A match in Kettering, for example , consisting of 500 hundred men per side was a scarcely disguised food riot in which the object was to loot a local grain store.
Walvin (1994) reported that 'In 1829, a French man who saw a football match in Derby asked "If this is what they call football, then what do they call fighting?".

Foreign fields - a documentary by the BBC

This programme examines the growing social impact of hooligan groups in Italy and Argentina - as they become increasingly politicised and organised.
The programme gains unprecedented access to the shadowy and often violent world of the hooligan groups attached to two of the world's most glamorous clubs - the Irriducibilli of Lazio in Italy and the Barras Bravas of Boca Juniors in Argentina.

Filming openly and undercover with the hooligan leaders, Foreign Fields examines the growing social impact of hooligan groups around the world - as they become increasingly politicised and organised.

In Argentina, five people have already died this season in football-related shootings, with dozens more casualties. The season was even suspended against a backdrop of widespread social disorder.

Using extraordinary footage filmed with the hooligans, the police and during riots around the stadiums this season - the film shows the growing influence of these groups on the clubs and the players themselves.

Players like Diego Maradona, who talks for the first time about his friendship with the hooligans of Boca - his first and favourite club.

We also talk to players and hooligans in Italy about the growing influence of racist and far-right groups on the terraces that the hooligans control.

The Lazio hooligans: the Irriducibilli - now have their own merchandise, and businesses - organising all the stadium banners and meetings with the players - many of them international stars - and the club.

Green Street (Hooligans) Trailer

Football hooliganism
http://policestudies.homestead.com/hooliganism.html

Hooliganism already existed in the last century. Modern hooliganism exists since the sixties in several countries. Boys and young men, aged between 15 and 25, collectively engage in fights, demolitions and provocations. Their main targets are other groups, who only differ from them in their being composed of fans of another football team.
In commentaries following incidents it is commonly stated that these "fans" do not deserve to be called supporters of their team. Other reports indicate that the hooligans consider themselves to be the true fans: they support the team for better and for worse, they create the highly praised "atmosphere" inside stadia. However that may be, their allegiance to a football team is the main factor binding hooligans together. Their main interest does not seem so much to see brilliant football, but to see their team win. In addition, hooligans have their own match with rival fans. Sometimes that match is the most important one. Football matches are used as an opportunity.
The behaviour of the hooligans seems to be aimed at gaining prestige. The ability to fight, group solidarity and loyalty, plus the aggressive defence of culturally defined areas, are all elements of a satisfying masculine identity. Fighting at football is largely about young males testing out their own reputations for manliness against those of other similarly motivated young men.


Tackling hooliganism
Integrated approach:
Over the years, it has become increasingly clear that the police cannot and should not deal with hooliganism on its own and that an integrated approach is called for, involving all parties.
In practice, measures tend to focus on the way in which hooliganism manifests itself, in part because the rivalry between supporters is a factor that is hard to influence. Changes in the infrastructure of stadia (fences, cameras, all-seater stadia) make surveillance and separation of fans easier, as do ticketing arrangements. However, a one-sided focus on security measures may be detrimental to an atmosphere of friendliness.
Well-trained stewards may contribute significantly to hospitality and an early signalling of potential trouble inside stadia. The behaviour of players, coaches and club-officials also influences fan behaviour. Fan societies also play a role.
Security forces deal with public order and the arrest of offenders. Public prosecutors and judges deal with apprehended offenders. Train and bus companies are involved in the transport of fans. Local authorities have their own priorities.
To prevent excesses in hooliganism, all these parties have to develop policies and co-operate with one another. If the different policies are not made explicit, if they are not integrated with one another and if arrangements are not binding, they will not work as expected.

Conclusion
Football hooliganism is detrimental to the sport. Partly as a result of safety measures taken in the past, the manifestations of hooliganism have changed. To avoid excesses in hooliganism in future, repressive measures will have to be complemented by a social-preventive approach.
From what we know, several elements are critical to avoid excesses in hooliganism:
- sound (international) co-operation and co-ordination;
- active involvement of clubs and national and international football authorities;
- an integrated approach with binding arrangements for all parties involved;
- investing in information about fans and hooligans;
- where possible, excluding hooligans from attending matches (and influencing other fans);
- communicating with fans/ hooligans by police, clubs/ stewards and fan coaches;
- a long-term commitment, not just focusing on incidents and short-term measures.